Analisis Dampak Harmonisa terhadap Efisiensi Energi pada Pengoperasian Inverter Air Conditioner

Nofan Rullyanto Tinambunan; Rahmaniar

Penulis

Nofan Rullyanto Tinambunan1 Universtas Pembangunan Panca Budi
Rahmaniar Universtas Pembangunan Panca Budi

Kata Kunci:

Inverter Air Conditioner, Harmonics, Energy Efficiency, Passive Filter, Coefficient of Performance

Abstrak

This research analyzes harmonic characteristics and their impact on energy efficiency in inverter air conditioner operation, as well as evaluates the effectiveness of harmonic mitigation methods. Using a MATLAB/Simulink-based simulation approach, the inverter AC system was modeled under various load levels and operating conditions. Results show that Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of current is inversely proportional to load level, with the highest THD (30.3%) occurring at 25% load and the lowest (4.5%) at 100% load. Dominant harmonics were identified at orders 3, 5, and 7, contributing significantly to power losses. At low loads, harmonic distortion causes efficiency reduction of up to 10% and decreases the Coefficient of Performance (COP) by approximately 12%. Implementation of passive filters consisting of single-tuned filters for 5th order (250 Hz), 7th order (350 Hz) harmonics, and a high-pass filter for higher-order harmonics (>550 Hz) effectively reduces current THD by 70-80% and harmonic losses by up to 90%, significantly improving system efficiency and COP. The greatest efficiency improvement occurs at low loads, with COP increasing from 9.2 to 10.2 at 25% load. This research provides a foundation for developing power quality standards and more effective harmonic mitigation strategies to enhance energy efficiency in inverter AC systems.

Unduhan

Data unduhan belum tersedia.

Referensi

I. N. S. A.A. Krisna Wira Putra, I Wayan Sutarsa, “Modifikasi Air Conditioner (AC) Split Inverter Kapasitas 3/4 PK sebagai Trainer Unit,” Indones. J. Lab., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 237–245, 2024.

T. Sutikno and T. Wahono, Konverter AC-AC Prinsip dan Aplikasi, 1st ed. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science (IAES) Redaksi, 2020.

R. R. Stanley, “Harmonic Component,” Power Syst. Oper. with 100% Renew. Energy Sources, 2024.

M. F. Siregar, J. Hidayat, S. Bahri, and I. Pendahuluan, “Perbandingan Nilai Distorsi Harmonisa pada Tiga Buah Laptop yang Berbeda,” J. Electr. Technol., vol. 1099, pp. 86–89, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/jet/article/view/547%0Ahttps://jurnal.uisu.ac.id/index.php/jet/article/download/547/480.

P. Sivaraman and C. Sharmeela, “Chapter 2 - Power system harmonics,” Power Qual. Mod. Power Syst., no. 0, pp. 61–103, 2021, [Online]. Available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128233467000025.

O. R. Nadeak, R. Sinambela, and M. Manik, “Analisis Kualitas Daya Listrik Akibat Dampak Beban Nonlinear,” SINERGI POLMED J. Ilm. Tek. Mesin, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 75–84, 2024, doi: 10.51510/sinergipolmed.v5i2.1664.

P. M. Rahmaniar, Pristisal Wibowo, “Transient Stability Analysis With Critical Clearing Time Method On Transmission Line 150 KV,” 2022, [Online]. Available: https://jurnal.pancabudi.ac.id/index.php/keputeraan/article/view/4296/3904.

R. Saidur, M. Hasanuzzaman, T. M. I. Mahlia, N. A. Rahim, and H. A. Mohammed, “Chillers energy consumption, energy savings and emission analysis in an institutional buildings,” Energy, vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 5233–5238, 2011, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.06.027.

M. I. Syafiq, A. H. Andriawan, and I. A. Wardah, “Audit Energi Listrik Gedung Tower 1 Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember Surabaya,” Sains dan Inform., vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 3031–996, 2024.

I. Syukron, “Pembuatan Inverter Untuk Air Conditioner,” J. Tek. Elektro Unnes, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 75–82, 2013.

A. Faisal, P. Wibowo, and D. S. Dandy, “a Control Simulation of Ac-Dc Buck Boost Converter With Proportional Integral Derivative (Pid) Using Matlab Simulink,” J. Sci., vol. 12, no. 04, pp. 2094–2100, 2023.

A. Junaidi and K. Abdul Hamid, “Design of Simulation Product for Stability of Electric Power System Using Power System Stabilizer and Optimal Control,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 970, no. 1, 2018, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/970/1/012013.

Rahmaniar, A. Junaidi, Ganefri, A. K. Hamid, N. Jalinus, and J. Jama, “Modelling and simulation: An injection model approach to controlling dynamic stability based on unified power flow controller,” J. Theor. Appl. Inf. Technol., vol. 97, no. 20, 2019.

B. H. Abrianto and M. Facta, “Siklus Harmonisa di Pelanggan Rumah Tangga untuk Beban Hibrida,” vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 64–69, 2023.

Rahmaniar and M. Putri, “The Simulation Computer Based Learning (SCBL) for Short Circuit Multi Machine Power System Analysis,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 970, p. 012015, 2018, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/970/1/012015.

Mustamam, M. Affandi, and A. R. Lubis, “Analisis dan Reduksi Harmonisa Arus pada Fakultas Teknik Universitas Negeri Medan Menggunakan Single Tuned Passive Filter,” Semnastek Uisu, pp. 158–163, 2019.

G. G. Roumeliotis, J. Desmet, and J. Knockaert, “Formulas and measurements of the complex resonances envelope of a 2-conductor transmission line including skin effect, proximity effect, and dielectric losses,” Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 239, no. November 2024, p. 111167, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2024.111167.

H. B. Utomo, E. B. Putri, and K. Kunci, “Perhitungan Rugi-Rugi pada Transformator Akibat Harmonisa dan Perancangan Filter Pasif Menggunakan MATLAB,” Pros. 12th Ind. Res. Work. Natl. Semin., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2021.

M. R. Duarte, A. Rolfe, N. J. Hewitt, and Y. Huang, “Industrial Power Study : An Approach,” no. March, 2015, doi: 10.13140/2.1.3059.0244.

X. Shao, P. Yang, C. Liu, P. Li, and R. Wang, “Research on UHV AC / DC power grid ’ s harmonic coupling characteristic under the action of geomagnetically induced currents,” Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 246, no. October 2024, p. 111652, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2025.111652.

A. N. Khan, N. Iqbal, A. Rizwan, R. Ahmad, and D. H. Kim, “An ensemble energy consumption forecasting model based on spatial-temporal clustering analysis in residential buildings,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 1–25, 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14113020.

M. Ahmed, N. Al Masood, and T. Aziz, “An approach of incorporating harmonic mitigation units in an industrial distribution network with renewable penetration,” Energy Reports, vol. 7, pp. 6273–6291, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.09.072.

T. A. Papadopoulos, I. P. Chaleplidis, A. I. Chrysochos, G. K. Papagiannis, and K. Pavlou, “An investigation of harmonic induced voltages on medium-voltage cable sheaths and nearby pipelines,” Electr. Power Syst. Res., vol. 189, no. December, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106594.